Lex 8256: The Law in Cyberspace Seminar

Internet business method patents (Michael)

Business method patents – What are they, and should they be patentable?

Statute that governs whether or not inventions are patentable
Read 35 U.S.C. § 101 – Patentable Subject Matter.

Historically, §101 disallowed patents on abstract ideas, newly discovered mathematical formulas, or laws of nature/physics.  Inventions pertaining to new “methods of conducting business” teetered on the line of patent eligibility -- until the State Street case in 1998 (149 F.3d 1368), where the Federal Circuit held that business methods are eligible for patent protection if they produce a “useful, concrete and tangible result.”

For a quick reading on the effect of State Street and a critical view of the reactive mass flow of business method patent applications, read pages 1-6 only of
Michael J. Meurer, Business Method Patents and Patent Floods (later published as 8 Wash. Univ. J. L. & Pol'y 309 (2002)).

Business method patents became a hot commodity in the 90s and early 2000’s.  Arguably the most famous business method patent is Amazon’s patent on its 1-Click checkout system (a method of ordering products online only clicking once).  Read:
How has §101 been analyzed since State Street and up to 2010?   Read the section of the Wikipedia entry marked "United States," in the "History" discussion, at this link.

Bilski v. Kappos, 130 S. Ct. 3218 (2010) – read only the majority opinion.  This is the mother of all business method patent cases, and was decided in 2010.  By concluding that the “machine-or-transformation” test is not the only test to analyze whether a business method is patentable, the Court necessarily broadened patentable subject matter, while still finding against Bilski’s patent application.  Do you agree with the result?

Post-Bilski cases are scarce, since the case is so recent.  However, read
Mayo v. Prometheus Labs: Bilski and Medical Methods (June 29, 2010).  The Federal Circuit heard the case on remand, and affirmed its original decision using Bilski as its new precedent. 

Do you agree with Bilski?  Here are some articles that discuss both the potential benefits and negative impacts of Bilski.

Positive take on Bilski:
Kimton Eng, Bad for Bilski, good for business (Aug. 27 - Sept. 2, 2010)

Negative take on Bilski:
Sawyer on Why Bilski Really Means That Software Companies Should Leave the US (July 7, 2010)

A great post-Bilski discussion, including USPTO's response, subsequent court cases interpreting Bilski, and consideration of the effect in the future after Bilski:
Richard Raysman & Peter Brown, Process Patents in the Wake of 'Bilski' (Jan. 12, 2011)